What Is An Essay?

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Custom Writing And Editing Services

Custom Writing And Editing Services Try to summarize your main point concisely, in 1-2 sentences. Choose a question to answer or an issue to address. As you do your research, you will likely find yourself narrowing your focus even further. For example, you might discover that there is a particular question you want to answer, or that there's a popular argument or theory about your topic that you'd like to try to disprove. We check all our papers before delivering them to you. We don’t want you to be disappointed so every paper must pass our quality control. First, your writer will review the paper and make sure that all the information is properly cited. Our editors review the paper and fix any logical or stylistic flaws. Our top writers are designated to complete full courses. This is the best way to get through your course with the least amount of effort. A university essay can be thought of as an extended answer to a question. This question or issue will form the basis for your thesis, or main argument. As you're researching your topic, keep detailed notes about relevant information, ideas that interest you, and questions that you need to explore further. If you plan to use any of the information that you find in your paper, write down detailed citation information. This will allow you to find the information again and cite it properly. Originality is as important as quality research and the right citation format. Our company was started by an award-winning journalist who saw the need from students to have someone take care of their annoying assignments for them. Let’s face it, school is a nuisance, so when you are calling out to the sky write my essay for me! From there, introduce the question about the work you'd like to address and present your thesis. When you write the outline, think about how you would like to organize your essay. For example, you might start with your strongest arguments and then move to the weakest ones. They also check the references and make sure that your paper only includes relevant information. After this, our experts proofread your papers and fix any grammar, spelling, and punctuation mistakes. We also check all the papers for plagiarism so that you can get unique and affordable papers you won’t be afraid to put your name on. Originality is one of our customers’ main requirements so we never use unreliable plagiarism checkers that store the submitted content. When your professor checks your paper, you won’t have any problems with the originality of the content. Every student knows that plagiarism can lead to terrible consequences so we make sure that you won’t have such a problem when ordering your assignments here. Our writing experts always create academic papers from scratch. Many students write informative papers and generate interesting ideas but make grammar mistakes or forget to put a comma where it’s necessary. Such mistakes can undermine the success of the whole work. Thanks to our team of proofreaders and editors, you can be sure that your papers will be perfect. Or, you could begin with a general overview of the source you're analyzing and then move on to addressing the major themes, tone, and style of the work. Create a thesis statement that summarizes your main argument. Once you've hit on a specific question or idea you'd like to address in your essay, look at your research and think about the major point or argument you'd like to make. Most importantly, it presents your position on a topic, which is often referred to as your argument. Try to start with something intriguing and promising. Questions can be really effective for an introduction. Aim for an introduction that has an explicit relation to the topic/title of your essay, and avoid analyzing the topic in your first paragraph. A college essay is a formal writing assignment that can take many forms. Persuasive, descriptive, analytical, expository, and personal are examples of types of college essays. If you're writing an argumentative essay, get familiar with the major arguments against your point of view. You'll need to incorporate those counterarguments into your essay and present convincing evidence against them.

How To Improve Your Essay Writing Quickly

How To Improve Your Essay Writing Quickly For better knowledge of everything are the focus of one’s essay paper, allow us to take a look at the things you need to know. Ms. Mbugua said she never felt right about the writing she did in the names of American students and others. Eventually, Ms. Mbugua said, she decided to strike out on her own, and bought an account from an established writer with UvoCorp. But UvoCorp forbids such transfers, and Ms. Mbugua said the account she had purchased was shut down. Ms. Mbugua, the Kenyan university student, worked for as little as $4 a page. She may use a range of visually rich, active-learning methods to generate ideas, get her thoughts in order and fill gaps. As she figuring out the story she’s trying to tell, her early drafts will most likely be incomplete, overwritten or hard for the reader to follow. And that means she’ll have to revise and rethink and ask more questions. This sentence introduces the paragraph topic and briefly explains its significance to the question and your contention. Good paragraphs also contain thorough explanations, some analysis and evidence, and perhaps a quotation or two. When you are writing an essay, you should always take care of your writing style, the punctuation and the grand you use. If any of these three goes wrong, your writing is what will suffer. Yes you need to have a good outline before you write an essay. Your outline will determine what about and how good your piece will be. Initially, SCERTs will select 10 best essays from each state/UT, and later NCERT will choose the best essay at the national level. Cause & effect essays consider the reasons for something, then discuss the results . Compare & contrast essays examine the similarities of two or more objects, and the differences. As instructors, we also have to give up some control over our assignments. It is also where you lay out or ‘signpost’ the direction your essay will take. An essay using this contention would then go on to explain and justify these statements in greater detail. It will also support the contention with argument and evidence. Discussion essays require you to examine both sides of a situation and to conclude by saying which side you favour. For a truly student-centered process to work, we can’t ask leading questions or make decisions for our students. Giving students the reading, writing and thinking skills required for a process like this is, to put it mildly, challenging -- for students and instructors alike. We’re asking students to give up certainties and formulae, to dive into the unknown. We’re taking away the safety of falling back on generalizations, personal experience and conventional wisdom. A paragraph should focus on one topic or issue only â€" but it should contain a thorough exploration of that topic or issue. Many consider the introduction to be the most important part of an essay. It is the reader’s first experience of your essay. It is where you first address the question and express your contention. She said she began carrying a notebook, jotting down vocabulary words she encountered in movies and novels to make her essays more valuable. Contract cheating is illegal in 17 states, but punishment tends to be light and enforcement rare. During her best month, she earned $320, more money than she had ever made in her life. The New York Times is identifying Ms. Mbugua by only part of her name because she feared that the attention would prevent her from getting future work. A good paragraph will begin with an effective opening sentence, sometimes called a topic sentence or signposting sentence. The process work we’re advocating here is multistaged, iterative, messy work. The student may move from the text to questions to freewriting or brainstorming to drafting, then go back to the text and so on, deepening her analysis by asking questions.

Guideline To Standard Essay Form

Guideline To Standard Essay Form The right essay editor or guide is someone who knows something about you but isn’t your best friend or parent, and someone who you know can push you on storytelling and language. It’s best not to hand your essay to every person who comes your way, no matter how many smart teachers, friends, and peers you have at your disposal. Too much feedback can confuse your sense of mission. William Zinsser’s On Writing Well is the primer for nonfiction writing basics. Or she could write about soccer, dance, or speech. But none of those things seem to tell the admissions committee what they wouldn’t already know from simply reading her list of extracurriculars. In order to have this kind of time freedom, you’ll have to start early. And if you spend your summer warming up and training for the main event, you can start rereading your body of freewriting by the end of July. The obvious thingâ€"and the thing most teachers and advisors told Anita to doâ€"is write about mock trial. It would be a good opportunity to give the admissions committee some insight into her psychology behind the success. She took a couple of stabs at it during free-writing, though, and it didn’t flow. Ramya could try to write something about medicine. Strunk & White’s Elements of Style is a very slim volume that will help you ensure you’ve dotted all your i’s and crossed all your t’s when it comes to grammar and syntax rules. Loyalty to a team, to an establishment, to other peopleâ€"even to oneself. If they’ve changed, tell the story of the moment when they changedâ€"say, in a classroom, in a conversation with a friend, etc. What do people in your community or school know you for? Tell the story of the first time you did this thing. Tell the story of the most meaningful time you did this thingâ€"it might be, say, when you won a game, but it also might be when you lost a game, or when you quit the team. What do your friends come to you seeking help with? Tell the story of a time when you think you did a great job of helping another person. Now, to make sure you stay humble, tell the story of when that person helped you. Sitting in that bar over the last year, I feel like I’ve glimpsed them all. As a Boston-born girl, my loyalty to the Patriots seems naturalâ€"even if it’s not so common for a teenage Indian-American-Californian girl to be as much of a sports junkie as I am. But I’ve seen that loyalty tested plenty of times. I’m completely invested in the Pats; I’ve been known to be giddy when they win, and tearful when they lose. Ramya’s going to write about the sports bar where she watches her team play every Sunday during football season. Those are just a few more narrative possibilities for structuring your essay. At 650 words, each of these will be best understood as a five-paragraph essay, so a basic structure stays the same, but the way things begin and end will not. You’ll see us return to these students’ ideas as we work through outlines. So instead Anita decides to write about a wilderness solo she took in North Carolina on a school trip, and about how it influenced her relationship with poetry. They say a piece of short fiction is about a moment after which nothing will be the same again. Tell the story of a time you saw somethingâ€"visuallyâ€"that provoked that anger or frustration. Tell the story of the first time you learned about these valuesâ€"say, a morning at Sunday School or a conversation with a grandparent. However, finding a true home to watch Patriots games in California isn’t easy. By the end of the season, the staff knew what we wanted to eat, and where we wanted to sit, so the sports bar felt like a second home. By the way, this prompt helped Ramya settle on the Patriotsâ€"Describe a place or environment where you are perfectly content. What do you do or experience there, and why is it meaningful to you?

4 Tips For Essay Writing

4 Tips For Essay Writing So, I suggest that you assign each student a professor in their field and give them a 1 hour a week tutorial on essay writing. At is writemypapers reliable the close of the tutorial, you can grade their work and figure out whether they were able to compose a high-quality essay. If they’re, then you can be confident they will do very well on the last evaluation they have in your mind. Ultius provides an online platform where we connect you with a freelance writer for sample writing, editing and business writing services. There are many resources to best prepare you for writing your college essays. Take a deep breath and use the tools at your disposal below. Walk through best practices and next steps to show the college of your choosing the real you. Essay writing is something which most of us enjoy, but also many of us just don’t know how to get it done well. Highly recommend working with this company and their writers. My experience is always wonderful and the writers are phenomenal. They are great writers and I never have a problem. I’m thankful I came across this writing services. Also, the writers are always communicating with me efficiently which is awesome. The academic editing services have many advantages. Compelling writing consumes a lot of time and effort. Academic editing service can add readability to your document, paraphrase complex sentences, make them concise and error-free. The essays should be between 1000 to words and can be written in any of the official South African languages. Essay writers can only enter the competition once and plagiarism will not be tolerated. She's said that to keep things fair if I don't fill out the RSVP correctly I won't be saved a spot. Then my parents said if I don't show up I'm going to be in big fucking trouble with all our relatives so just write the essays. Writers should be between the ages of years of age. The message you are longing to convey can be spoilt by typos and misused words. In some cases, an extra comma or multiple usages of the one and the same word can cost you a seat in the classroom of the desired university. Spelling errors are not the best first impression on the admission committee if you are attempting to tell the captivating story in your personal statement or admission essay. The editor service can help you discover your voice and make the product you can be proud of. This is the best donation to your future, not only academic but professional as well. Recently, I had a positive experience with the writers completing the papers on time and providing quality work. This is a great service to help me stay on course with my essay writing. We don't just connect you with a writerâ€"we also ensure that the process goes smoothly for you. Our Essay writing help services include a thorough quality and review process. Finally, I repeat, this is NOT a trial lesson or whatever. When you search through various essay editing websites, the primary goal is to find an expert who will not only point out your mistakes but will help you correct your writing. EssayEdge is the most appropriate service to all who think about applying to college, graduate school, MBA programs, law school, and of course, medical school. We have a large network of experienced and well-trained college essay experts who have graduated from Cornell, Princeton, Columbia and Stanford. The company encourages and expects fair use of our services. For example, our writers have profile settings like vacation mode where they can mark themselves as away. We also consider the writer's current workload so they have time to complete your writing order. The writer exceeded my expectations and I have submitted a new project with them for my business. The work they do is original, I ran the project through 4 different plagiarism checkers and they came back with less than papers I've written myself.

Quality Custom Writing Service, Write My Essay

Quality Custom Writing Service, Write My Essay The ASK service is run by Student Academic Leaders who have demonstrated abilities in academic writing, research and general all around awesome-ness. If you are struggling to write the introduction, reword the essay question in your own words. Essays are a widely used form of assessment that is used by lecturers. As a student you will need to demonstrate the ability to create a coherent and logical argument that proves that you understood the course work. Writing an essay can be a difficult task, however this module will equip you with the necessary knowledge and skills to successfully write an essay. Interesting material won’t gain you extra marks unless it is relevant. Good essay writing is a skill acquired rather than learnt. Approaches vary from person to person and will depend on one’s experience in essay writing, almost to the point where a style of writing will be as individual as a signature. Academically, the information provided will help students from upper grade school to adult writers. Learn to write essays with skill which will help with all written assignments whether for school or work. Originality is one of the hardest things to achieve in an essay, but any effort you make at being original will be noticed by the marker. Remember that good essays don’t just give evidence for their point of view, but also demonstrate why opposing views are flawed. Imagine a reader, then try to predict their objections to your argument, and then demonstrate why they are wrong. Often, there is no simple answer (which is why you are writing an essay, and not a two-mark answer on a class test), so you should state what the complexities of the issue are. You may feel that you are repeating yourself, as the body of your essay should have made your argument clear already, but the reader will appreciate a good summary. Although this may sound obvious, a lot of essays lose marks for containing material that is simply irrelevant. Make sure that you read the assignment sheet thoroughly and are sure about what it asks for before you start reading for the essay. While you are reading, bear in mind what sort of material you are looking for in order to address the assigned topic. Even if you do come across a lot of interesting material when researching for your essay, be selective. A well-structured essay should consist of a series of paragraphs that progress logically through the series of points that you intend to cover. Obviously, the difficult part is working out what that order should be. In essence, an essay is an argument, so your structure should be based on the particulars of your argument. To outline the method of researching and preparing to write an academic essay. A step-by-step strategy to prepare for, research and write an academic essay. Write an answer to the question in just one or two sentences â€" this can form the basis your thesis statement or argument. This is the main point of your paragraph and everything within this paragraph should relate back to it. Students who complete the course and apply the lessons learned will have a full understanding of the essay writing process and how to achieve the best results. View a text description of the writing an essay time management 'cake'. Here the writer is not ‘in charge’ of the paragraph, and it reads a little like a list. That is something your lecturers do not want to see. This doesn’t mean that you have to invent a new theory each time you write an essay. Your essay should have a definite ending, in the form of a conclusion. Here you should summarize what it is that you have said in your essay, stating what your answer to the question is and why. The introduction, main body and conclusion should all be linked. As a college student, lab reports, articles, critiques, case studies, and a variety of other writing assignments will come your way. Most students complete most of these assignments with little to no outside help. However, you never have to do it alone, because we are there each and every time. We want you to spend lots of time here, so you will see an ever-growing list of blog posts, videos, infographics, and other interesting content designed specifically for college students.

10 Books For Essay Writing You Need To Know About

10 Books For Essay Writing You Need To Know About The final sub-point should be your thesis statement. State the idea or argument that you plan to discuss in your essay. Determine whether to use full sentences or brief phrases in your outline. For most outline essays, full sentences will prove more useful because they allow you to provide more thorough information. Effective thesis statements express the main focus of a paper and state an arguable claim. Immediately following the topic sentence is the first supporting sentence and two detail/example sentences. Each support sentence and its two detail/example sentences are shown in different colors so you can see where one ends and the next begins. Finally, the closing sentence neatly ties back to the topic sentence by rephrasing it. Remember that all paragraphs should contain a topic sentence. Then draw three or more lines extending from the circle. At the end of each of the lines you have drawn, write down a new idea that corresponds to your main idea. Then draw three or more lines from each of those new ideas, and write ideas that corresponds to those ideas. A thesis should not be more than one sentence in length. Once you have developed your ideas and considered your purpose and audience, you should be ready to write a thesis statement. Write your subject down on the center of a piece of paper and circle it. How to conclude an essay A strong conclusion ties together your main points, shows why your argument matters, and opens broader questions. High school essays are often 500 words, but graduate essays can be 5000 words or more. Keep revising until the thesis reflects your real ideas. Avoid burying a great thesis statement in the middle of a paragraph or late in the paper. In expository writing, linking words like first, second, then, and finally are usually used to help readers follow the ideas. When you read a textbook, the news, magazine articles, or any other types of publications, you are reading expository writing. When you write answers for an essay test, you use the expository form. Avoid, avoid, avoid generic arguments and formula statements. They work well to get a rough draft started, but will easily bore a reader. For our purposes in this class, you will always use third person point of view when writing expository paragraphs, unless otherwise directed. This means there should be no “I” or “you” words anywhere in the paragraph. The topic sentence in the example lets the reader know that the paragraph will talk about the expenses of going to college. Notice the use of transitional words to help the reader follow the ideas. Also, notice the use of third person point of view in this paragraph. It may be even more important in the expository paragraph because this is where the main idea of the paragraph is expressed. This topic sentence lets the reader know what the rest of the paragraph will discuss. In an expository paragraph, you give information. You explain a subject, give directions, or show how something happens. Continue developing your cluster until you feel that you have explored as many connections as you can. Although outlining a paper can help you to develop and organize your ideas, you may need to do some other prewriting exercises to get started.

Quality Custom Writing Service, Write My Essay

Quality Custom Writing Service, Write My Essay Students from low-income backgrounds may not realize that they have a unique perspective to present to admissions officers. That’s not all, when you work with Writers Per Hour, you’re not just outsourcing to quality writers but you’re also working with quick essay writers. It takes a whole lot of precision and expertise to be able write high-quality essays within quick turnarounds and we are proud to deliver that. Once you’ve written your academy essay, start the proofreading process. First, look at sentence structures and try to find any grammar and spelling mistakes. You can use a program likeGrammarlyor visit a local writing center if you need help. Then, read your essay aloud to hear how it sounds. Have an academic advisor and/or trusted friend read it and give you pointers as well. On the other hand, you may want to use your title to suggest your thesis. See my notes on“How to Read a History Book” for some well chosen titles. You may be used to thinking of academic essays as documents, pieces of writing, but it’s perhaps more useful to think of an essay as a process. Being absolutely legitimate, it’s the future of education. When you order a paper at EssayTigers, you always receive 100% unique writing from scratch. We thoroughly check all papers with a reliable plagiarism detection system before delivering them to our client. We value our reputation and immediately stop any cooperation with writers whose texts fail plagiarism check. Then you should briefly restate your key points to gently remind the reader how well you proved your thesis. Your conclusion should end with a statement or idea that leaves a strong impression and provokes further thought. Since our launch in 2013, not a single client complained about plagiarism. We ensure absolute confidentiality for all of our clients. Your personal information, as well as the details of your orders, won't be shared with a third party under any circumstances. No one will ever know that you used our essay writing services unless you tell someone. Rest assured, we treat each customer's sensitive data as if it were our own. When doing academic writing, avoid passive voice, and useactive voiceinstead. An active voice is more engaging and tells the reader exactly who your subject is, what he, she or they are doing. The strongest points suppporting your thesis statement will go in the second paragraph, and the second strongest will go in the third. For the concluding paragraph and sentence, you should restate your thesis, summarize what the audience just read and include information that signifies the end of the essay. Choose the type of paper, specify your topic, and add instructions and materials our writer should use in your paper. Today I'm going to be talking a little bit about guidelines for writing essays. If crafting a good essay isn’t your strong suit, you’re going to struggle with acing your test or paper. With a few essay writing tips, you can turn in an effective essay that will wow your teacher and get you the grade you deserve. The strongest position for your statement is usually at the end of one or two introductory paragraphs. Stating your thesis in your first sentence leaves you no room to warm the reader to your subject. Many students hesitate to reach out to essay writing websites because of some negative experiences they’ve had in the past. The form of your Conclusion, like your introduction, is flexible. One good way to conclude a paper is to begin the last paragraph with a statement that reflects on what has been stated and proved, without repeating it exactly. Your second paragraph generally begins the body of the paper. This paragraph should begin with a topic sentence that introduces the first supporting idea . You should use the middle of the paragraph to discuss your support, give examples, and analyze the significance of these examples. Your last sentence of the body paragraph could be used to draw a conclusion for that supporting idea, or to transition into the next paragraph. Let us tell you, it’s totally acceptable to have your essay written by a professional service like ours.

Writing Essay

Writing Essay Prior to the start of an essay organize your thought and outline a rough draft. Like this, you can ensure that your story will flow and not create a mess. If you have directly quoted any other author's text you should always indicate exactly where the evidence comes from in a reference. If you have read other documents in order to contrast your argument then these should also be referenced. Your paper will have proper references in the citation style you choose. Academic writing is a huge challenge for someone who’s only done basic homework so far. There’s nothing that loves more than passing on his knowledge of marketing in his writings. You should avoid jargon, especially jargon that is not directly connected to your subject area. You can be personal by offering your own viewpoint on an issue, or by using that view to interpret other authors' work and conclusions. One is that a good essay should be written in a formal, impersonal way with a good scattering of long words and long, complicated sentences. A paragraph is a group of sentences related to aspects of the same point. Within each individual paragraph an idea is introduced and developed through the subsequent sentences within that paragraph. It is helpful to keep the reader informed as to the development of the argument. You can do this by using simple statements or questions that serve to introduce, summarise or link the different aspects of your subject. One common downfall is to not reference adequately and be accused of plagiarism. Always up-to-date with marketing trends, he has a BSc in Marketing from Keele University. is a degree-qualified travel nurse who loves the excitement of combining work and travel. Between assignments, he writes, contributes to various blogs on health and fitness and loves to keep fit. Know how to write a proper conclusion that supports your research. The function of the introduction is simply to introduce the subject, to explain how you understand the question, and describe briefly how you intend to deal with it. An essay should be written in a flowing manner with each sentence following on logically from the previous one and with appropriate signposts to guide the reader. We'll never share your email address and you can unsubscribe at any time. You should construct your essay as a sequence of distinct points set out in a rational order. Without paragraphs, and the spaces between them, the page will appear like an indigestible mass of words. In other words, indicate what has been learned or accomplished. The conclusion is also a good place to mention questions that are left open or further issues which you recognise, but which do not come within the scope of your essay. Quotations should not be used as a substitute for your own words. A quote should always have an explanation in your own words to show its significance to your argument. Everyone finds it easier to read a text that is broken into short paragraphs. Paragraphs show when you have come to the end of one main point and the beginning of the next. Present your essay with an interesting and suitable Title. It aids to pull the attention of the audience and provoke their curiosity. The idea of paying someone else to do your work for you has become increasingly commonplace in our broader culture, even in the realm of writing. It is well known that many actors, athletes, politicians, and businesspeople have contracted with uncredited ghostwriters to produce their memoirs for them.

Writing Essay

Writing Essay Prior to the start of an essay organize your thought and outline a rough draft. Like this, you can ensure that your story will flow and not create a mess. If you have directly quoted any other author's text you should always indicate exactly where the evidence comes from in a reference. If you have read other documents in order to contrast your argument then these should also be referenced. Your paper will have proper references in the citation style you choose. Academic writing is a huge challenge for someone who’s only done basic homework so far. There’s nothing that loves more than passing on his knowledge of marketing in his writings. You should avoid jargon, especially jargon that is not directly connected to your subject area. You can be personal by offering your own viewpoint on an issue, or by using that view to interpret other authors' work and conclusions. One is that a good essay should be written in a formal, impersonal way with a good scattering of long words and long, complicated sentences. A paragraph is a group of sentences related to aspects of the same point. Within each individual paragraph an idea is introduced and developed through the subsequent sentences within that paragraph. It is helpful to keep the reader informed as to the development of the argument. You can do this by using simple statements or questions that serve to introduce, summarise or link the different aspects of your subject. One common downfall is to not reference adequately and be accused of plagiarism. Always up-to-date with marketing trends, he has a BSc in Marketing from Keele University. is a degree-qualified travel nurse who loves the excitement of combining work and travel. Between assignments, he writes, contributes to various blogs on health and fitness and loves to keep fit. Know how to write a proper conclusion that supports your research. The function of the introduction is simply to introduce the subject, to explain how you understand the question, and describe briefly how you intend to deal with it. An essay should be written in a flowing manner with each sentence following on logically from the previous one and with appropriate signposts to guide the reader. We'll never share your email address and you can unsubscribe at any time. You should construct your essay as a sequence of distinct points set out in a rational order. Without paragraphs, and the spaces between them, the page will appear like an indigestible mass of words. In other words, indicate what has been learned or accomplished. The conclusion is also a good place to mention questions that are left open or further issues which you recognise, but which do not come within the scope of your essay. Quotations should not be used as a substitute for your own words. A quote should always have an explanation in your own words to show its significance to your argument. Everyone finds it easier to read a text that is broken into short paragraphs. Paragraphs show when you have come to the end of one main point and the beginning of the next. Present your essay with an interesting and suitable Title. It aids to pull the attention of the audience and provoke their curiosity. The idea of paying someone else to do your work for you has become increasingly commonplace in our broader culture, even in the realm of writing. It is well known that many actors, athletes, politicians, and businesspeople have contracted with uncredited ghostwriters to produce their memoirs for them.

Writing Essay

Writing Essay Prior to the start of an essay organize your thought and outline a rough draft. Like this, you can ensure that your story will flow and not create a mess. If you have directly quoted any other author's text you should always indicate exactly where the evidence comes from in a reference. If you have read other documents in order to contrast your argument then these should also be referenced. Your paper will have proper references in the citation style you choose. Academic writing is a huge challenge for someone who’s only done basic homework so far. There’s nothing that loves more than passing on his knowledge of marketing in his writings. You should avoid jargon, especially jargon that is not directly connected to your subject area. You can be personal by offering your own viewpoint on an issue, or by using that view to interpret other authors' work and conclusions. One is that a good essay should be written in a formal, impersonal way with a good scattering of long words and long, complicated sentences. A paragraph is a group of sentences related to aspects of the same point. Within each individual paragraph an idea is introduced and developed through the subsequent sentences within that paragraph. It is helpful to keep the reader informed as to the development of the argument. You can do this by using simple statements or questions that serve to introduce, summarise or link the different aspects of your subject. One common downfall is to not reference adequately and be accused of plagiarism. Always up-to-date with marketing trends, he has a BSc in Marketing from Keele University. is a degree-qualified travel nurse who loves the excitement of combining work and travel. Between assignments, he writes, contributes to various blogs on health and fitness and loves to keep fit. Know how to write a proper conclusion that supports your research. The function of the introduction is simply to introduce the subject, to explain how you understand the question, and describe briefly how you intend to deal with it. An essay should be written in a flowing manner with each sentence following on logically from the previous one and with appropriate signposts to guide the reader. We'll never share your email address and you can unsubscribe at any time. You should construct your essay as a sequence of distinct points set out in a rational order. Without paragraphs, and the spaces between them, the page will appear like an indigestible mass of words. In other words, indicate what has been learned or accomplished. The conclusion is also a good place to mention questions that are left open or further issues which you recognise, but which do not come within the scope of your essay. Quotations should not be used as a substitute for your own words. A quote should always have an explanation in your own words to show its significance to your argument. Everyone finds it easier to read a text that is broken into short paragraphs. Paragraphs show when you have come to the end of one main point and the beginning of the next. Present your essay with an interesting and suitable Title. It aids to pull the attention of the audience and provoke their curiosity. The idea of paying someone else to do your work for you has become increasingly commonplace in our broader culture, even in the realm of writing. It is well known that many actors, athletes, politicians, and businesspeople have contracted with uncredited ghostwriters to produce their memoirs for them.

Why Write Essays?

Why Write Essays? We bet there is nothing easier than hiring writers at EssayPro. EssayPro has been around for a long time and has gained a good reputation among students. So, when you say, “I’m paying people to write my essay, will it be original? ”, you can rest assured that with Writers Per Hour, original is the only option. Plagiarism has serious consequences and we at Writers Per Hour fully understand that. Our relationship with you does not end with an essay submission. When we deliver essays, we ensure they’re up to the mark and most importantly, 100% original. On Instagram, we share the freshest student memes daily! And that’s not all; you can order any paper by simply sending a DM. Be the first one to know about all the EssayPro updates, giveaways, and seasonal discounts for students. Follow our social media accounts to stay updated. We have an absolutely outstanding plagiarism checker, which all of our writers are obliged to use. Our average is $11 per page and we ensure you get top quality papers for that price. We tried our best to create an effortless hiring process. Click the button on the main page and follow our simple instructions. The answer is - yes, using credit cards on our platform is safe and secure. We double-check all the assignments for plagiarism and send you only original essays. At EssayPro, we employ a large team of skilled writers. Their rating is based on previous customer reviews and rates. Before you hire a writer, you can familiarize yourself with his track record in detail. I still handwrite quotes in my notes, and I’m working on my PhD. There aren’t many ways in which I’d recommend being like me. There is a difference between reading to understand the topic, and reading that you plan to reference. It is totally fine to use Wikipedia, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, lecture notes etc to familiarise yourself with the key arguments and concepts. Have a think, put the argument and essay together. Find relevant books and articles from the reading list and/or Google Scholar searches. What’s more, our Quality Assurance Team checks every page of content before it is sent to you. Just keep an easy attitude to your assignment if you order it at EssayPro. With the basic fee starting at $7 per page, EssayPro is one of the most affordable services on the web. EssayPro essays are NOT intended to be forwarded as finalized work as it is only strictly meant to be used for research and study purposes. EssayPro does not endorse or condone any type of plagiarism. With your easy-to-use in-app chat, you can keep in contact with the writer. Feel free to pass any last-minute requests or requirements you forgot about to the chosen writer. That’s a perfectly reasonable definition (if you can defend it, and you should give a reason you’ve chosen a certain definition), but you need to be a little less clunky. In fact, write down a few potentially useful quotes verbatim. Meaning, unsatisfied customers also do not need to worry when it comes to a poor quality paper. 24⁄7 customer support to those who have any questions or concerns regarding the writing service.

How To Write A Good Discursive Essay?

How To Write A Good Discursive Essay? But, most likely, you will fall in love with the paper at first sight. If something is wrong with our website, or if you have trouble with a payment or downloading your paper and require some immediate help, you don't have to wait for an hour or more. Just contact our support team and get instant help. Errors are harder to spot on a computer screen than on paper. If you type your paper on a computer, print out a copy to proofread. Remember, spell checkers and grammar checkers don't always catch errors, so it is best not to rely on them too much. Similar causes are put together, for instance the economic causes of a situation. There are basically two main ways to organise this type of essay. At the end of the essay, there should be a list of references. This should give full information about the materials that you have used in the assignment. Generally, an introduction is approximately 5%-10% of your actual word count. If you are among those cold-blooded students who remain cool and try to get the most even in the most extreme situations, then this offer is for you. Before getting a complete version of the paper, you will have a chance to preview the prepared draft and provide your feedback. It should include your name and course; the title of the assignment and any references; the lecturer it is for etc. ', their extracted main points should look very similar to the main points that you had in your plan. So that would be a good sign that you've accomplished what you wanted to accomplish in the essay. So find someone, maybe a friend that you can bribe to read your essay, maybe a family member, long suffering flat mates - whoever you can. Get someone else to read the essay and to try and extract the main points. Once you've got that sequence of key points expressed in complete sentences you should have a pretty good summary of your essay. And that should be able to stand alone as an answer to your essay question. The examples are not always academic, which allows the user to focus on process. This book is an easy to read and understand text which is written in an accessible style for undergraduate students. I recommend it, and would like to see it used more widely by my students. Avoid using paragraphs consisting of only one or two sentences, or that are longer than one double-spaced page. See Writing a list of references for more information on the reference list. It should clearly signal to the reader that the essay is finished and leave a clear impression that the purpose of the essay has been achieved. Before you start the main part of your essay or assignment, there should be a title page. The title page should contain information to enable your lecturer and departmental office or other reader to identify exactly what the piece of work is. We carefully check every paper with our plagiarism-detection software. Every single word, every page will be thoroughly investigated to provide 100% uniqueness. Besides, we provide every customer with a detailed plagiarism report in order to prove the project is authentic. Moreover, all of the cited sources are formatted properly using APA, MLA, or Chicago formats. When we are asked to describe or explain causes, factors, functions or results, the examiner wants us to group our facts. And actually that's not a very good plan, because when you go down to write something you don't know what you're going to say. You know what you're going to talk about, but you don't know what you're going to say about it. And even if the essay title isn't in the form of a question, make sure that you have something clear that you want to say. Don't just talk in general terms about the subject area. Make sure you have a clear point that you want to communicate in your essay. Use transition words to ensure a smooth flow of ideas from paragraph to paragraph. An outline shows your main ideas and the order in which you are going to write about them. A student can access this book in the same way that they access a personal tutor. they can identify the problem and read the relevant section, where the response is clear and examples are provided.

How To Write A Good Discursive Essay?

How To Write A Good Discursive Essay? But, most likely, you will fall in love with the paper at first sight. If something is wrong with our website, or if you have trouble with a payment or downloading your paper and require some immediate help, you don't have to wait for an hour or more. Just contact our support team and get instant help. Errors are harder to spot on a computer screen than on paper. If you type your paper on a computer, print out a copy to proofread. Remember, spell checkers and grammar checkers don't always catch errors, so it is best not to rely on them too much. Similar causes are put together, for instance the economic causes of a situation. There are basically two main ways to organise this type of essay. At the end of the essay, there should be a list of references. This should give full information about the materials that you have used in the assignment. Generally, an introduction is approximately 5%-10% of your actual word count. If you are among those cold-blooded students who remain cool and try to get the most even in the most extreme situations, then this offer is for you. Before getting a complete version of the paper, you will have a chance to preview the prepared draft and provide your feedback. It should include your name and course; the title of the assignment and any references; the lecturer it is for etc. ', their extracted main points should look very similar to the main points that you had in your plan. So that would be a good sign that you've accomplished what you wanted to accomplish in the essay. So find someone, maybe a friend that you can bribe to read your essay, maybe a family member, long suffering flat mates - whoever you can. Get someone else to read the essay and to try and extract the main points. Once you've got that sequence of key points expressed in complete sentences you should have a pretty good summary of your essay. And that should be able to stand alone as an answer to your essay question. The examples are not always academic, which allows the user to focus on process. This book is an easy to read and understand text which is written in an accessible style for undergraduate students. I recommend it, and would like to see it used more widely by my students. Avoid using paragraphs consisting of only one or two sentences, or that are longer than one double-spaced page. See Writing a list of references for more information on the reference list. It should clearly signal to the reader that the essay is finished and leave a clear impression that the purpose of the essay has been achieved. Before you start the main part of your essay or assignment, there should be a title page. The title page should contain information to enable your lecturer and departmental office or other reader to identify exactly what the piece of work is. We carefully check every paper with our plagiarism-detection software. Every single word, every page will be thoroughly investigated to provide 100% uniqueness. Besides, we provide every customer with a detailed plagiarism report in order to prove the project is authentic. Moreover, all of the cited sources are formatted properly using APA, MLA, or Chicago formats. When we are asked to describe or explain causes, factors, functions or results, the examiner wants us to group our facts. And actually that's not a very good plan, because when you go down to write something you don't know what you're going to say. You know what you're going to talk about, but you don't know what you're going to say about it. And even if the essay title isn't in the form of a question, make sure that you have something clear that you want to say. Don't just talk in general terms about the subject area. Make sure you have a clear point that you want to communicate in your essay. Use transition words to ensure a smooth flow of ideas from paragraph to paragraph. An outline shows your main ideas and the order in which you are going to write about them. A student can access this book in the same way that they access a personal tutor. they can identify the problem and read the relevant section, where the response is clear and examples are provided.

How To Write A Good Discursive Essay?

How To Write A Good Discursive Essay? But, most likely, you will fall in love with the paper at first sight. If something is wrong with our website, or if you have trouble with a payment or downloading your paper and require some immediate help, you don't have to wait for an hour or more. Just contact our support team and get instant help. Errors are harder to spot on a computer screen than on paper. If you type your paper on a computer, print out a copy to proofread. Remember, spell checkers and grammar checkers don't always catch errors, so it is best not to rely on them too much. Similar causes are put together, for instance the economic causes of a situation. There are basically two main ways to organise this type of essay. At the end of the essay, there should be a list of references. This should give full information about the materials that you have used in the assignment. Generally, an introduction is approximately 5%-10% of your actual word count. If you are among those cold-blooded students who remain cool and try to get the most even in the most extreme situations, then this offer is for you. Before getting a complete version of the paper, you will have a chance to preview the prepared draft and provide your feedback. It should include your name and course; the title of the assignment and any references; the lecturer it is for etc. ', their extracted main points should look very similar to the main points that you had in your plan. So that would be a good sign that you've accomplished what you wanted to accomplish in the essay. So find someone, maybe a friend that you can bribe to read your essay, maybe a family member, long suffering flat mates - whoever you can. Get someone else to read the essay and to try and extract the main points. Once you've got that sequence of key points expressed in complete sentences you should have a pretty good summary of your essay. And that should be able to stand alone as an answer to your essay question. The examples are not always academic, which allows the user to focus on process. This book is an easy to read and understand text which is written in an accessible style for undergraduate students. I recommend it, and would like to see it used more widely by my students. Avoid using paragraphs consisting of only one or two sentences, or that are longer than one double-spaced page. See Writing a list of references for more information on the reference list. It should clearly signal to the reader that the essay is finished and leave a clear impression that the purpose of the essay has been achieved. Before you start the main part of your essay or assignment, there should be a title page. The title page should contain information to enable your lecturer and departmental office or other reader to identify exactly what the piece of work is. We carefully check every paper with our plagiarism-detection software. Every single word, every page will be thoroughly investigated to provide 100% uniqueness. Besides, we provide every customer with a detailed plagiarism report in order to prove the project is authentic. Moreover, all of the cited sources are formatted properly using APA, MLA, or Chicago formats. When we are asked to describe or explain causes, factors, functions or results, the examiner wants us to group our facts. And actually that's not a very good plan, because when you go down to write something you don't know what you're going to say. You know what you're going to talk about, but you don't know what you're going to say about it. And even if the essay title isn't in the form of a question, make sure that you have something clear that you want to say. Don't just talk in general terms about the subject area. Make sure you have a clear point that you want to communicate in your essay. Use transition words to ensure a smooth flow of ideas from paragraph to paragraph. An outline shows your main ideas and the order in which you are going to write about them. A student can access this book in the same way that they access a personal tutor. they can identify the problem and read the relevant section, where the response is clear and examples are provided.

Essay Writing Technique

Essay Writing Technique Always think about your audience when writing a scholarship essay. What organization is issuing the scholarship, and how can you tie that into your writing? What is the underlying information they want to learn from your essay? This is the same effect as a moviegoer looking at his phone in a theater. Even if the phone makes no noise, the light from the screen is enough to catch someone’s attention. If our thesis was that cell phones should NOT be controlled in college, we would explain the dangers of not having access to cell phones. The body paragraphs should provide support for the thesis. Why do you think this way, and what evidence do you have to support those beliefs? The paragraphs should flow from one to the next like a constant stream of thought. Each paragraph should conclude the statement made at the beginning of the paragraph. Give yourself at least two full days to write the essay. You can use the first day to write a draft and do some minor editing. Then on the second day, you can look at the essay with fresh eyes to do your final edits. The primary argument supporting cell phone control in the classroom is the fact that phones can be distracting. Not only do cell phones distract instructors, but they may also distract students trying to pay attention to the lecture. Now is the time to pull out your ammunition of carefully referenced sources to support your assertions that Your Point Is Important And Valid. Perhaps your paper exemplifies a larger thematic discussion or perhaps it should but that larger discussion doesn't exist yet. Either way, you can connect your discussion to others, demonstrating the larger importance of your specific argument. Conclusions need not be long arduous rearticulations of everything you've said. They can simply provide the final idea your paper leads up to . Your goal is to compose a piece that clearly guides the reader through your thoughts and reasoning. You may have to adjust how you convey those thoughts based on the length. Your essay should always have a beginning, middle, and end. An essay built on such logic will be harder to attack. If each separate argument fits tightly into an overall argument then attacking one idea means attacking them all. Everything in your essay revolves around your thesis. This is the big point you are trying to make, which is usually an answer to a question in the essay prompt. You will use the rest of the essay to support this thesis. You should approach all essays with the same mentality, regardless of their length. 4-6 body paragraphs that provide evidence to back up your thesis. Each paragraph should be a cohesive element with an intro and conclusion. The body paragraphs should flow well from one point to the next. Evidence â€" Again pretty self-explanatory, this is the stage in your paragraph where you provide evidence to back up your Point and Explanation. We reserve the right to make deletions, additions, or modifications to the content at any given time without prior notice. In some cases we may be compensated on an affiliate basis when users take certain actions. In order to comply with FTC guidelines we want to be transparent that ScholarshipOwl may get compensated by companies and/or partners based on an affiliate or advertiser partnership. We might get compensated for example for mentioning partners, by you, the user, making a clicking, purchasing, or signing up for a product or service through a tracking link. In no way are we responsible for the accuracy, relevance, timeliness, or completeness of any information on these external websites. Write in a way that shows you are the best candidate for the scholarship. If you have a chance to show your essay to your English instructor or academic adviser, do so. You can use the feedback to improve the essay before submitting it.

How does the brain work anyway A short overview on the future of neuroscience

How is the brain organized?: Brain Mapping If the ultimate goal of neuroscience is to understand how the brain works, how will scientists know when that goal has been reached? Is it by our ability to build artificial intelligence matching human capabilities? Our ability to treat or completely prevent neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s, or mental disorders like schizophrenia? Creating machines that can read our thoughts and actions? Neuroscience has made tremendous strides, but the goal of understanding the brain might be more of a moving target because the more we find out about the brain, the more questions we have. The following questions are the ones likely to be addressed in the next 50 years, but it is also possible that the most interesting questions have not even been asked yet because we lack the technology or need the future generation of scientists to look at old questions from a new angle. How is the brain organized?: Brain Mapping Neurons are chemically connected to multiple partners to form dense networks. The human brain has around 86 billion neurons (that’s more than the number of people on earth) and these neurons can form thousands of connections with other neurons. These networks function are highways where information can flow from one part of the brain to another. Trying to map out these ‘highways’ is the goal of connectomics, or brain mapping. In 1986, the 302 neurons of the worm nervous system was mapped and it has already led to insights about how nervous systems across species develop and convert information about their environment into behavior. Now, current efforts are working on mapping the brains of more complex nervous systems like that of fruit fly larvae (~10,000 neurons). In the next few decades, it is likely that we will also map the brains of animals who are more similar to us, such as mice. Although knowing the connections of neurons will be informative, it will repre sent a static map whereas the brain is a dynamic with neurons influencing each other’s activity across long distances. Once brain mapping becomes easier and more cost-effective, it will also be possible to ask how connections between neurons are altered by different experiences and by genetic mutations. Can you edit a broken brain? CRISPR is the latest gene editing tool to receive widespread attention both in the media and across the scientific community. It makes the editing of genes faster, more precise, and cost-effective. The sudden rise of CRISPR has led many to imagine (or fear) the potential applications of such a technique. For one, it will allow scientists to make better models of diseases. Since we know some of the mutations that can cause or make humans susceptible to certain brain diseases, we can introduce these mutations in mice and see how the disease progresses and what therapies are most effective. Thus, having an easier way to precisely introduce mutations will improve research. More controversially, CRISPR is being considered for its therapeutic potential in humans. That is, if you know you will pass on a specific mutation to your offspring, would you opt to correct it through gene editing? While it would be a while before this technology would be widely available, its potential is likely to be explored in the next few decades. But really, how does the brain work anyway? In the end, the future of neuroscience might not be so futuristic after all and might just uncover the answer to some basic questions that still elude us. How do we convert information about the environment around us (light, sound, smell, touch) into behavior? How are these behaviors modified by context? For instance, someone tapping you on the shoulder might go completely ignored if you are binge watching your favorite TV show, or cause you to jerk if you’re at work and feeling on edge. The question of how we perceive sensory information is of clinical importance because of how little we know about how pain is processed by our nervous system. A better understanding could help the millions of people who suffer from chronic pain and other pain disorders. Other unanswered questions include-- how do different brain areas communicate? Why do we need sleep? What are the differences between male and female brains? The next 50 years is sure to bring lots of exciting discoveries and b ring us closer to understanding how the brain works, however we choose to define that! Are you interested in working with coaches like Anita on your academic pursuits in the sciences? ; Are you interested in reading more? What are Lymphocytes? A Guide to Your Immune System What to expect during interview weekend for PhD Biomedical programs Biology Made Easy: How Reversible Enzyme Inhibitors Work

Intermediate Financial Accounting - Accounting scandals Essay

Essays on Intermediate Financial Accounting - Accounting scandals Essay Enron’s accounting scandal Corporate governance is a term used in business organizations to define the overall direction of the enterprise and method of control used by the executives. This involves the use of proper management techniques by the chief executive officers and major shareholders of the company, who must act in the best interests of the company. Failure to follow through with effective governance will automatically lead to the collapse of a vibrant business venture. One such example was the case scenario seen in the collapse of Enron Organization. The company began as an energy providing business in Houston due to a merger of two gas companies and later transformed itself into a major energy trading corporation led by Kenneth Lay, its founder. However, there emerged some corporate problems in the management who seemed to be out of control as they did what pleased them defying company’s interests. Reports were that the entire management team was behaving in a manner that did not blend in well with most of their clients. The latter were described to be out to propagate their own agenda and thus became negligent in providing company affairs. To elaborate, the head of the internal audit committee had her senate husband funded by the organization. In addition, Lord Wakeham who was part of the audit committee had a concurrent consulting firm in the same company. Cases of arrogance were very common in the organization as was bootlicking on the part of senior management. The subordinate staff was very afraid of the Chief Execut ive Officer and adhered to him as though they were enslaved. Records of mismanagement in the accounts records were evident. It began with the falsification of profit gains due to claims of a successful collaboration with Blockbuster Video that never was. To cover up the conspiracy, they had to manipulate their accounts leading to an actual consequential loss of profits of $600 million, and a total loss of all company profit estimated to the figure of $591. This ultimate loss led to an increase in debt figures for the organization in the amount of $628 million as was the case in the year running from 1997 to 2000. This fraud in their accounts records guaranteed them an opportunity to increase its earnings in the share market due to the prevailing pressure of reflecting a high EPS figure. The former was a ratio of total earnings divided by the number of shares of a company (Mitchel Sikka, 2012). The above fraudulent case would have prevented had there been accountability on the part of the internal audit team, who went ahead to provide incorrect figures without giving a second thought to the outcome of their consequences. They acted independently without the knowledge of the major stakeholders of the company as the management set up of the company did not interfere in their affairs. There should have been regulation in the way business was conducted in the organization as all the non-executive heads were left to task in the performance of their duties. They were not held accountable for their actions as they were allowed to independently cater for any shortcomings in the business. Lastly, there should have been an alignment of management goals with those of shareholders to prevent conflict of interests as was the apparent case. Bibliography MITCHELL, A. V., SIKKA, P. 2012.  Dirty business: the unchecked power of major accountancy firms. MONKS, R. A., MINOW, N. 2011.  Corporate governance. Chichester, Wiley FREEMAN, R. E. (2010).  Stakeholder theory: the state of the art. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. BAVLY, D. A. 1999.  Corporate governance and accountability: what role for the regulator, director, and auditor?  Westport, Conn. [u.a.], Quorum Books. JONES, M. 2011.  Creative accounting, fraud and international accounting scandals. Chichester, West Sussex, England, John Wiley Sons. KAMMERER, M. 2009.  Creative Accounting, the Enron Case and its impact on Corporate Governance. München, GRIN Verlag GmbH.

HONORS OBSERVATION Essay Example For Students

HONORS OBSERVATION Essay Gina Geraci May 30, 2002 Human Development I 47/260 (202301) HONORS OBSERVATION Essay This paper investigates the nature of moral dilemma using Lawrence Kohlbergs cognitive developmental theory of moralization (Reimer, Joseph) applied to a field observation that I conducted with an eleven-year-old girl and a twenty-seven year old man. I begin by considering the inspiration of Kohlbergs theory; Swiss cognitive theorist Jean Piaget. Then, I examine Kohlbergs six stages of moral development. Following, I classify my findings with the two subjects I interviewed in accordance with Kohlbergs stages. *** Jean Piaget is a recognized pioneer in the research of moral development in children (Dunlop, Ronald). Piaget saw children as moving through two broad stages of moral understanding (Text p.394). The first stage is heteronomous morality, which extends from about five to ten years of age (Text p.396). Heteronomous means that an individual is subject to the external authority of another; not autonomous. Children at this stage view the consequence of an act to be of greater value than the intention of an act. Respect for parental and adult authority and the rules imposed by them, prevail as the childs working model of morality (Dunlop, Ronald). The second stage is autonomous morality, which manifest around the age of ten years. At this time, a transition from concrete thinking (that moral perspective is fixed according to adult authority) moves to a more advanced level of internal moral thinking. The individual at this stage realizes that people can have different perspectives on moral matters and that intentions, not just outcomes, should serve as the basis for judging behavior (Text p. 396). Piagets theory of moral development describes a general direction that children tend to follow in the course of maturity. Nevertheless, he underestimated the capacity of moral elasticity a child may have in moral reasoning with his accounts of children being rigid and fixed. His groundbreaking work has been replaced by a more sophisticated theory of moral development that surpasses the child into adolescence and following moral progress into adulthood by Kohlbergs comprehensive theory of a six stage sequence (Text p396). Kohlberg believed that people progress in their moral reasoning and that this could be charted through six identifiable stages, which can be more generally classified into three levels (Barger, Robert). The first is called the Pre-Conventional Level. This level is similar to Piagets heteronomous stage, in which the individual is externally controlled. This first level of moral thinking is generally found at the elementary school level (Barger, Robert). Within this level is stage one and stage two. Stage one is obedience and punishment orientation. Children at this stage find it difficult to consider two points of view in moral dilemma (Text p397). They ignore the intentions of people, and obedience is compelled out of a fear of punishment. The second stage, instrumental purpose orientation, emphasizes self- interest. Children at this stage begin to realize that people may have different perspectives in a moral dilemma, but their thinking is still very concrete. The satisfaction of personal needs coincides with right action; they believe that others also act out of self-interest. The second level of moral development is the Conventional Level. This moral thinking is generally found in society. Individuals at this level still value social rules, but not for reasons of self-interest, rather they have a concern for the social system in which they live. They want to ensure harmonious human relationships and social order. The first stage of this level (stage three) is the good boy-good girl orientation or the morality of interpersonal cooperation. This third stageis characterized by an attitude which seeks to do what will gain the approval of others (Barger, Robert). These individuals want to be considered trustworthy, loyal, supportive, and nice. There are considerations of the reciprocal relationship in terms of the Golden Rule. .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6 , .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6 .postImageUrl , .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6 , .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6:hover , .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6:visited , .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6:active { border:0!important; } .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6:active , .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6 .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u90a7c30096c2f4566d53fb4e2d1307f6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: THE EARTH SUN AND OTHER STUFF Essay Stage four at this level is the social-order-maintaining orientation. At this stage, the individual takes into account a larger perspective- that of societal laws (Text p.398). This individual believes in the order that laws bring to society and these laws are vital to ensure social order. The third level is the postconventional or Principled level. This level of moral thinking is one that Kohlberg felt is not reached by the majority of adults (Barger, Robert). Individuals at this level move beyond the absolute righteousness of societal law and define morality in terms of abstract principles and values that apply to all situations and societies (Text p398). Social contract orientation (stage five) is the first stage of the third level. At this stage individuals regard laws and

Rudy Giuliani america’s mayor an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Rudy Giuliani america’s mayor ABSTRACT Former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani exemplified the spirit of resolve in the face of overwhelming odds and one of the most awful terrorists attacks in United States History. Rudy Giuliani has managed to exemplify courage as he fought crime in New York City in the 1990s; fighting the drug dealers and members of the organized crime as hard as he fought do-nothing appeasers of such behavior within the city itself. Giuliani, once criticized for his actions in this area, has some of the lowest statistics on crime ever seen in the city in which to silence his critics. Also, his actions during the attack The World Trade Towers and his ability to put into words and actions, the resolve of the city and even the country against such ideologies of hate, has forever cemented himself as a permanent leader and one who will attract votes based on his leadership qualities, making him a formidable candidate in the 2008 Presidential election. Need essay sample on "Rudy Giuliani americas mayor" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Rudy Giuliani was born in Brooklyn to working class children of Italian immigrants in 1944. At that time, his family had connections to organized crime and his father Harold, spent time in Sing Sing prison for assault and robbery and served as a mafia enforcer during the late 1950s. This connection that his family would have to organized crime would work in Rudys favor in his later years as a politician. Rudy was never associated directly with any illegal activity. However, when it came to freeing New York City of the impediments which organized crime had on the city, Rudy was fearless in that pursuit and highly effective. Giuliani did very well in school and rose quickly in the ranks, eventually graduating cum laude from New York University School of Law in 1968. In 1970, Giuliani joined the Office of the US Attorney and in 1973, was named the Chief of the Narcotics Unit and eventually served as the United States Attorney. From 1977 until 1981, Giuliani practiced law but was called back into politics with the start of the Reagan Administration in 1981 which placed him as the third highest ranking officer in the Department of Justice. (Siegel, 2005. pg. 32) As Associate Attorney General, Giuliani first began his national prominence as he used this position as a stepping stone in order to earn the position of US Attorney for the Southern district of New York. It was here that Giuliani took part in some high profile cases in which the Attorney General took a hard line against the lingering organized crime element of New York City. In the Mafia Commission Trial of 1985-1986, Giuliani indicted eleven organized crime figures on charges of extortion, labor racketeering and murder for hire. Anthony Fat Tony: Salerno, who was seen as the head of the Genovese crime family, was one of Giulianis biggest catches and he was sentenced to 100 years in jail for his illegal dealings while in the mob. Giuliani would use this as a stepping stone for his run for mayor of the city of New York. In 1993, after a previous failed run for mayor, Rudy Giuliani became the mayor by a slim margin of only 53,000 votes. He became the first Republican to win the office since John Lindsay won the office in 1965. (Burns, 2003) It would be as the mayor of New York City that the name of Rudy Giuliani is most well known. This certainly is for his role in the days of 9/11 and its aftermath but he was also able to make a name for himself in the years before 9/11. Crime in the 1980s among all of the major cities in the country was one of the major problems. In New York City, and specifically in Manhattan, crime took a corrective plunge while Giuliani was mayor. The crime families had taken a hard hit and Giuliani made no mistake, crime would be one of the problems on his list of priorities. Giuliani was able to clean up the city to a large part, due to his ruthless pursuit of his goals; a pursuit which turned off many people as well. Former New York Mayor Ed Koch said: He is a good mayor, but he will never be a great one. He cannot accept disagreement. When it happens, he wants to destroy you.(Burns, 2003) It seemed however, that this is what the people of New York wanted and in 1997, Giuliani won a second term as Mayor of New York. Before the attack on the World Trade Towers, Rudy Giuliani was known as a crime fighting mayor. However, when the attack on New York on September 11, 2001 occurred, it was Giuliani that was seen as Americas Mayor as he helped to keep the country and the city together by his stance that New York will rebuild and that the terrorists will not stop American and their love of freedom. It was the scenes of the mayor walking through the streets as people were jumping from the World Trade Towers and his care and concern for the people of New York, that his approval ratings in the weeks after the attacks, reached 79%. It was the people who might not have agreed with his policies but who saw him as a leader and at that time in the history of New York that is what was placed as the highest of importance within the people of New York. It has been more than five years since Rudy Giuliani has left politics, yet he still remains high in the perceptions of not only the people of New York but for Americans as well. With the mayor looking to run for the presidency, despite the fact that he is among nine other Republican candidates, he and Senator John McCain are the two men to beat. This comes from the leadership qualities that the mayor has and which the American people believe, is needed in this time of war. Will this equate into a successful run for the presidency in 2008? It is hard to tell. Giuliani is at odds with his Republican base on issues such as immigration, homosexuality, gun control and abortion to name a few. However, he still leads in many of the polls within the Republican base because of his leadership qualities. Republicans who might not vote for him due to their disagreement on the social issues, still regard the mayor as a leader and one whom they wished that they could agree with on the social issu es. Rudy Giuliani is a leader in two areas of his political life: His fight on crime in the 1990s and his actions during the attacks on 9/11. Giuliani aggressively attacked crime in the city and said when he was criticized for his ruthless attack on the citys crime: People can do anything that they want, be anything that they can be. Freedom is about the willingness of every single human being to cede to lawful authority a great deal of discretion abut what you do and how you do it. (Siegel, 2005 pg. 195) Giuliani was able to break the backs of the crime families in New York City and it was estimated that he saved the city more than $600 million through these efforts. (Siegel, 2005 pg. 277) These were the first actions which helped to propel Giuliani into the spotlight and which caused him to have many admirers both within the city and in the entire country. However, most people remember Giuliani was the mayor of New York at the time of the attacks on the World Trade Center. America has become a very image consciousness society. The average American is consumed with thousands of images on the television and with other forms of electronics and technology. People remember what they see more than what the read and as a result, those who saw, in the days during and after the attacks as well as in follow up stories in the years to follow, the mayor walking around the city as the two towers were still erect. There was no way of knowing whether or not there would be further attacks on the city and if the mayors life was in danger. This did not seem to matter to the mayor and he went down to ground zero himself while there might have been more attacks to come in order to survey for him, the damage that the city had taken. People, who might have agreed with him on various stances, were able to forgive him and offer their support during this most troubling time. Also, the mayor was highly protective towards New York. When Saudi Prince Alwaleed bin Talal criticized America and said that their stance in support of Israel and other policies in the Middle East invited these attacks and then the Prince offered $10 million in support for the city, the mayor refused the gift. He responded by saying: There is no moral equivalent for this terrorist act. There is no moral justification for it I think that this happened because people were engaged in moral equivalency in not understanding the differences between liberal democracies like the United States, like Israel, and terrorist states and those who condone terrorism. So I think not only are those statements wrong, they are part of the problem. (Burns, 2003) Such statements and examples of the ideology of the mayor, has helped him to reach an almost iconic stance among those in New York and around the country who feel that Americans war on terrorism is one of the most pressing issues in the country and the world today. In the end, the mayor was a symbol for the resolve that the people of New York had and he expressed this resolve on many occasions: :Tomorrow New York is going to be here. And were going to rebuild, and were going to be stronger than we were before. I want the people of New York to be an exa mple to the rest of the country, to the rest of the world that terrorism cannot stop us. (Siegel, 2005 pg. 304) In these efforts, Rudy Giuliani has been seen as Americas Mayor. He is hoping that will be enough to propel him into the presidency in 2008. WORKS CITED Burns, R. ( 2003) The History of New York Chapter Eight.: New York: Time Warner 2003 Siegel, F.(2005) The Prince of the City: Giuliani , New York and the Genius of American Life. New York: Encounter Books.

Poetry Essay

Poetry Essay Many of us are studying poetry right now. Poetry is something, which increases our knowledge on literature, history, mental well being, views on everything around us. At least once a year our professor give us a poem, and asks to write an essay on it, or simply asks to write a poetry essay, and lets us to decide the theme and topic of the essay. 9 out of ten students fail to write a good poetry essay due to simple mistakes, which were not explained properly in the past. Here is a list of things you should and should not do when writing a poetry paper, not only poetry essay, but also poetry research paper, and poetry term paper: 1. The poetry you choose is supposed to be familiar to you. You can not write a good poetry paper on a poem which you have not read or read just the cliff notes. 2. The topic must also fulfill the teacher’s requirements. If the teacher asks to write a poetry paper on war, love, etc – you have to choose a good poem which represents love, war, etc. 3. The poem you choose must vividly discuss the themes your teacher suggests to you. It can be either the overall topic of the poem, or certain images, characters, analogies, comparison, metaphors, etc 4. You have to be open to details, and sense the peculiarities of the poem, and the details which differ it from all other poem, such as: and sensory details (The author stresses on all sensors: smell, taste, sight, hear) 5. You have to point out other peculiarities, such as rhythm of the poem, it could be either constant, or changing in order to stress some parts of the poem 6. The rhymes are also very individual. There is no 2 poets who happen to have the same rhymes. Every poet tries to have his own writing style, and you have to analyze it and define it with specific examples. Experts from CustomWritings.com have gained this knowledge through many year experience and are ready to demonstrate their essay writing skills as well as knowledge on the subject on your paper. If you have a need for assistance with your poem analysis – just contact us and we will be more than happ y to assist with any possible assignment. Â  Here is a list of the most popular essay topics on poetry: 1. The Elements of Poetry 2. A Modern Defense of Poetry 3. Arthur Rimbaud poetry analysis 4. Lord Byrons poetry 5. Metaphysical poetrys relevance 6. Langston Hughes poetry 7. Scaldic Poetry 8. Edgar Allen Poe: Poetry Analysis 9. Changes in war poetry 10. Is Eliots poetry appreciated in modern society? 11. Poetry analysis of William Blake 12. The poetry of Fray Luis de Leon 13. Compare and contrast Whitman and Emily Dickinson’s Poetry 14. Poetry of Anne Bradstreet 15. The poetry of Wilfred Owen has, in my opinion, real relevance for students of today. 16. Poetry in Nature vs. Urban Poetry 17. English epic poetry 18. Dorothy Parker poetry 19. Poetry and Puritans 20. Poetry of Derek Mahon 21. Wilfred Owen poetry 22. Bruce Dawes poetry 23. Romantic Poetry 24. The Poetry of Patrick Kavenagh 25. Imagery in Poetry 26. Robert Frost: poetry 27. The Poetry of F. A. Reznikov 28. Anne Bradstreet Poetry Symbolism 29. An analysis into Gwen Harwoods Poetry 30. Australian Poetry 31. Edward Taylors poetry

Political environment of brazil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Political environment of brazil - Essay Example Brazil ranks fifth in terms of land area in the world and has a population of about 200 million people. Brazil traditional political culture can be described as one of colonelismo, tradition of lack of political party and political clientilism. Under colonelism, the administrator had command in the rural areas. However, the promulgation of the seventh and the new constitution (in 1988) changed the political dimension into democratic ideology from what used to be military dictator ship. Democracy brought back individual rights, by ensuring freedom and punishing offences. Nevertheless, the constitution fell short in outlining the issues in state reforms but addressed to details the economic regulation of the country. However, reforms have been done into the constitution to better the controversial clauses. Two democratic principles operate in Brazil. These are the institutions of liberal values and understanding the role of the state from the economic perspective. International principles, on the other hand, are governed by such principles as non intervention, self determination, human rights supremacy and national independence. The key aspect that the new constitution brought into place was the decentralization of socials services to the local governance. This brought about efficiency in service delivery and governance. Diversity was embraced in decision making as democracy was now brought into play, where the local citizens were given a stake in decision making process unlike formerly where municipalities were not decision making institutions. The legislative branch in Brazil consists of the federal senate and the chamber of deputies. Legislative process involves the legislature and the executive. The congresses make the legislative decrees, traditional legislative procedures enact ordinary laws and the president legislate decree laws. The federal district and the government have some common legislative issues. They

4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

4 - Assignment Example It is unethical to gamble with human life regardless of race, gender or social status for the sake of economic prosperity. Furthermore, this drug was banned in the US and Europe as it was responsible for massive liver damages. b. It is unethical to test drugs on children during the time of emergency. That is gambling with human life which is against the human rights. Chances are that the drug may destroy immune systems of the patients and lead to a high number of casualties. Lack of proper health care in developing countries does not mean that these people are lesser beings or are immune to toxins; this should not be an excuse. 2) Since hiring the child would be unlawful, the executive may opt to take care of the child by himself or look for a guardian locally or overseas. There are many people who would be willing to help the child to meet her daily needs. However, if the guardians are unwilling to live with her, then she may be taken to an orphanage. 3) a. Look at the oil excavation from two perspectives, the good side of it and the bad side. Think about the effect on the environs and the people. When the good outweigh the bad, then you can proceed. However, if there is any form of doubt safely etched at the deepest parts of your hearts, then abandoning such a task would be the plausible thing to do. b. Outsourcing may or may not a company’s best bet. However, outsourcing would be the best option when a company needs to speed up the production process and increase the quality of their output. Division of labor ensures that parties partake on tasks that best fit them. 4) It would be ethical to outsource the production process to developing countries when the company is facing the problem of the high cost of production and low sales returns. The most reasonable thing to do would be to look for cheaper labor even if it means job cuts for employees in the mother country. Failure to do so would lead to losses

How working environment can impact on motivation Essay Example for Free

How working environment can impact on motivation Essay (A) Describe, with examples, how working environment can impact on motivation and contribute to an effective workplace in travel and tourism, covering:- * Job location In travel and tourism, the holiday atmosphere at resort contributes to a sense of well-being. Customers are happy to be on holiday and it is relatively easy to have a positive attitude to work. Whereas if you were working in a call centre where you are office bound and have to spend most of the talking to customer on the telephone. The organisation has to consider how this poorer environment can be improved so that staff remains motivated. * Working conditions and Hours of work Hours of work vary tremendously throughout the industry- some people are happy to work unsocial hours because it fits in with their lifestyle or they wish to have time off when everyone else is working. However, the overall number of hours per week should not exceed 40. * Health and safety Safety and security factors must be considered in the workplace, and legislation such as the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 must be adhered to. Specific regulations also apply where food is served or where the chemical hazards, for example in a swimming pool. All these requirements are important. For some organisations a lapse in safety procedures can mean the collapse of the business and even a prosecution. Companies that organise activity holidays for children, for example must make health and safety a priority. Health and safety is important for both customers and employees. Employees need to know that they can go about their work in a safe environment and work together to ensure their customers are safe. * Equipment and Resources Sate-of-the-art equipment and a pleasant environment are important to motivate staff. * Social event Most companies have a Christmas party or social outgoing for staff. These are useful events to create camaraderie amongst staff and build teams. * Theories of motivation The motivation and commitment of employees is key to success of a team and therefore to the company. Several theorists have come up with models of motivation. The two of that we will look at are Maslow and Herzberg. 1. Maslow Abraham Maslow was an American who in the 1940s developed a theory of motivation. The theory is valid still for understanding how people are motivated in the workplace. Employers can use it to provide conditions that fulfil peoples needs at the different levels. Maslow theory is displayed as a pyramid because employees can only move up the levels once the lower levels are fulfilled. So, an employee cant achieve level 4 at work if they are having problems in their personal life or working with colleagues (level 3). Similarly, if they have just been made homeless (level 1) their concern will be finding shelter not performing at work. 2. Herzberg Herzbergs theory is also known as the hygiene theory. Herzberg identified characteristics which make people satisfied with their jobs and those which make them dissatisfied: satisfiers and dissatisfiers. The satisfiers are factors which give people long-term motivation and enable them to enjoy their work: * The type of work * Promotion prospects * Having responsibilities * Sense of achievement * Personal development * Gaining recognition This dissatisfiers or hygiene factors need to be operating well in an organisation but according to Herzberg do not ultimately motivate people. These are: * Salary * Working conditions * Relationships with others- colleagues and managers * Company policy (B) Describe, with examples, how working relationships can impact on motivation and contribute to an effective workplace in travel and tourism, covering:- * Management style Management is about motivating people to act in certain ways so that the team can achieve its common goal. A good manager must inform, motivate and develop the team. The four types of manager/management I will be talking about are:- 1. An autocratic manager An autocratic manager makes all the decisions and announces them to the team. This person is the boss and so has full control. The main advantage of this kind of leadership is that decisions are made quickly, as no consultation is involved. Its other advantages include:- * Where there is a need for urgent action the autocrat will take control * Some team members gain security from being told what to do. Disadvantages include:- * Team members may become frustrated at their lack of control * There may not be room for the team to express creativity * There may be over-dependence on the leaders Autocratic management belongs in a traditional hierarchical structure. 2. Consultative management With consultative management, the leader still makes the decisions but discusses them with the team. The advantages include:- * The team is informed of what is going on * Open discussion is encouraged * The manager spends time with the team The disadvantages are that the team feel involved but frustrated by having no real power. 3. Democratic management With democratic management, the decision-making is shared among the team. The advantages include:- * Ideas are encouraged from everyone * There is greater involvement and commitment from team members * The team is likely to be supportive of the leader * The team is fully informed The disadvantages include:- * Some team members may not be able to cope with being involved in decision-making * The democratic process can take too long * The leader may not agree with the decisions of the team * Powerful team members may take over 4. Laissez-faire management With laissez-faire management the team is left to sort itself out and get on with its work. The manager does not get involved and therefore is not leading the team. The advantages include:- * Highly motivated and skilled people are able to get on with their tasks * The team is empowered The disadvantages include:- * New team members will be uninformed * The team may be left with little or no direction * Teamwork Teamwork skills are essential in the workplace. You must be able to work with other people in a team even if you dont happen to like them. A team is a group of people who are working together to achieve common objectives. Even when you are not physically with other members of your team, you can work together by contributing to a sequence of activities with a common aim. If you were working as a resort representative in Spain, you would still be working in a team with colleagues in head office in the UK. 1. Team roles Good teams achieve synergy; that is, together they can achieve more than the members could individually. More ideas, energy and resources are generated as a group because:- * The team solves problems and makes decisions together * The team focuses on the priorities, with everyone working towards the same aim * The team provides a sense of belonging and a sense of status * The team provides a support network Not everyone in a team is the same- each person has their own strengths and weaknesses. If each person had the same weaknesses, the team could not work; there needs to be a balance of skills. A method of recognising individuals strengths and weaknesses is needed in order to build an effective team. The management expert R.Meredith Belbin has outlined nine team roles necessary for a successful team. One person can represent more than one role, as most people have strengths in more than one area. Belbins roles:- Chairperson/ co-ordinator = The group leader, likely to be relaxed and extrovert, also likely to be a good communicator. They will build on the strengths of team members and give them encouragement. Plant = The ideas person in the team, a person who is creative in looking for solution to problems, but not always good at details, and so may make careless mistakes. Shaper = The task leader, who unites ideas and effort. Needs to be dominated and extrovert in order to make things happen. Monitor/ evaluator = The team analyst, who is not so good at ideas but pays attention to details, thus keeping the team directed towards its target. Implementer = The organiser of the team, who is able to make the ideas of the plant and shaper and turn them into manageable and realistic tasks. A practical, stable and disciplined person. Resources investigator = The person who is outgoing and will explore and report on ideas and developments outside the group; is sociable and enthusiastic and good under pressure. Team worker = A very people-oriented person, sensitive to others needs. The team worker has good communication skills and will be good at motivating other. A natural mediator, who will deal with any conflict within the team, this person is very good to have around in a crisis. Finisher = A person who sticks to deadlines and likes to get on with things. Will probably be irritated by the more relaxed members of the team. Specialist = This person is single-minded and a self-starter and provides knowledge and skills in specialist areas each of Belbins roles acquires a different level of important according to the objectives of the team and the stage in the teams life. 2. team development Formal teams are part of the structure of an organisation and are planned in order to meet that organisations objectives. The formal team will follow rules and regulations and may meet on a pre-arranged schedule and complete administrative procedures. Examples in travel and tourism includes sales teams and marketing teams Informal teams work within or outside formal teams. They are sometimes based on personal relationships between members rather than on work roles. When you complete group work for assignments, you often choose the colleagues you wish. You choose to work with people you like and ones you know will be as committed as you are to the work. This is an informal team. There are several theories of team structure and development, which will help you to understand the effectiveness of teams. Bruce Tuckman (1965) identified four main stages of team development:- * Forming at this stage, team members form their first impressions of each other and establish identities. They are sounding each other out and finding out what is expected of them. * Storming- the team members have, by now, become more used to each other. Members are prepared to put forward their ideas forcibly and openly; they are also prepared to disagree and so there may be some conflict and hostility. * Norming the team now begins to establish co-operation. Conflict is controlled, views are exchanged and new standards introduced. * Performing the team is now working together; it begins to arrive at solutions and achieve objectives. There can also be a fifth stage, called adjourning or mourning, where the team has disbanded and the members miss being part of the team. * Job roles and lines of responsibility An organisation chart shows the structure of the company and how the work is divided into different areas. It also shows the lines of responsibility between staff, so that it is apparent who is responsible to whom. An employee studying a chart will find the possible promotions routes. The chart may show a hierarchical structure or line relationship. This is a very traditional structure and shows a chain of command with each person responsible to the person above them. It is sometimes referred to as a pyramid structure. Many organisations today would be depicted in a chart with a flatter structure. There are fewer layers of management, and each manager has a broader span of control. Restructuring of organisations often involves getting rid of middle managers, hence the flattened structure. * Channels of communication Open communication must be encouraged and ideas should be freely expressed in the workplace. There should be trust and support between team members. An effective leader can encourage good communication and shape the way the team works. * Verbal Verbal communication is the process of sending and receiving messages with words, including writing and there are different ways a person can do verbal communication 1. Telephone 2. Word of mouth 3. Video conference 4. Face to face 5. Presentation 6. Walkie-talkie 7. Meetings 8. Bluetooth/ headset (mobile phone) 9. Radio 10. Sign language * Written Written communication guarantees that everyone concerned has the same information and it provides a long-lasting record of communication for future such as 1. Books 2. Brochures/ leaflets, newspaper 3. E-mail 4. Text (written + electronic + verbal) 5. Fax (written + electronic) 6. Notice boards 7. Minutes of meetings * Electronic Electronic communication means any method used to convey a message that has been transmitted via electronic means such as e-mail, video conferencing, radio, TV, mobile phone, internet, fax etc. * Equal opportunities Legislation exists to ensure that personal receive equal opportunities and that there is no discrimination. The arts of parliament that you should be aware of are:- * Race relations Act 1976 This act makes discrimination on racial grounds unlawful in employment, training, education and the provision of goods, facilities and services. The two main type of discrimination involved in this Act are:- 1. direct discrimination:- discrimination against colour disability, citizenship 2. indirect discrimination:- discriminating a racial group * Sex discrimination Act 1975 This act makes it unlawful to discriminating against someone on the ground of gender, marital status, Gender reassignment or sexual orientation. The act was updated in 1986 to remove restrictions on womens hours of work and then it allowed women to take h=jobs with flexible hours. This act not only covers discriminations in the workplace but in job advertisements and interviews. * Disability discrimination act 1995 This act makes discrimination against people with disabilities unlawful in respect of employment, education and access to goods, facilities, services, and premises. Employers are required to make reasonable adjustments to accommodate people with disabilities. Examples include providing specially adapted keyboards for arthritis sufferers, facilitating wheelchair access and relocating people with limited mobility to the ground floor. * Equal pay act 1970 This act was introduced to address the problem of women being paid less than men for the same work. It allows employees to claim equal value in terms of demands made on them, such as effort, skills and decisions made. There is also an EU Directive that state that for the same work or work of equal value, sex discrimination must be eliminated in all aspects of pay. * Other forms of discrimination Discrimination at work is a very serious issue and can result in large amounts of compensation being awarded following successful tribunals, not to set up policies to ensure that the workplace is free from discrimination. Measures to be taken include:- 1. Setting up a comprehensive equal opportunities policy covering all aspects of discrimination 2. Training staff in discrimination legislation and on how to implement the equal opportunities policy 3. Setting up complaints procedures for instances of discrimination * Employment rights act 1996 When someone gets a job they can aspect to receive a contract of employment. This is a legally binding agreement between the employer and the employee. Under the Employment Rights Act, the employer must give the employee a written document including the following information, in writing within 2 months of starting work:- 1. Name of employer and employee 2. Date employment began 3. Rate of pay and interval of pay 4. Hours of work 5. Holiday entitlement and pay 6. Job title and brief description of duties 7. Place of work 8. Notice entitlement and requirements 9. Sick leave entitlement and sick pay 10. Pension and pension scheme 11. Disciplinary procedures and grievance producers 12. Date of end of employment it fixed term 13. Additional details about working aboard if appropriate. * Notice board After one month of continues employment an employee is entitle to one week of notice if the employment ends. After 2 years employment they are entitle to 2 weeks notice, after 3 years, 3 weeks notice and so on. After 12 years the legal maximum 12 weeks notice is reached. A employee must also give notice of leaving to an employer. After one month of continuous employment, an employee must give a minimum of one weeks notice. Employees are entitled to normal pay during notice periods as long as they are working or available for work. * Redundancy Redundancy pay is calculated according to the employees age, length of service and salary. Employees can claim for unfair dismissal if they suspect: 1. There is no real redundancy 2. They were unfairly selected for redundancy Dismissal is treated as redundancy if the whole business is closing or a particular job disappears or requires fewer employees. An employer may offer alternative employment. If the employee unreasonably refuses it they are not entitled to redundancy pay. * EU Directives on hours and pay The European Working Time Directive was enacted in the UK through the Working Time Regulations 1998. This lays down the following: 1. A maximum 48-hours week, averaged over 17 weeks 2. at least 4 weeks paid annual leave 3. a weekly rest period of at least 24 hours in each 7-day period 4. a daily rest period of at least 11 consecutive hours between each working day 5. an in-work rest break of 20 minutes for those working hours or more per day Some sectors are excluded from the regulations; one of theses is transport. * National Minimum Wage Act 1998 This Act provides workers with a minimum hourly rate below which their wages will not fall. Those who work part time benefit most, because they are often badly paid. The Low Pay Commission advises the Secretary of State on the value of the minimum rate. A special lower rate applies to 18-to 21years-olds. * Maternity and paternity leave The Employment Relations Act 1999 provides for basic rights for maternity leave. There are three periods of maternity leave. Ordinary maternity leave is for a period of 18 weeks which coincides with the period for statutory maternity pay. This applies to all employees. Compulsory maternity leave extends to a period of 2 weeks after the birth; the employer must not permit the woman to return to work during this period. Additional maternity leave follows immediately after the original 18-weekperiod and must end within 29 weeks of the birth. Employees with at least one years service with an employer are eligible for the additional maternity leave. Under the same Act there are provisions to allow parents 3 months leave in order to care for a child. This is intended to be taken before the child is five. It is intended to be available to men and to women, in addition to maternity leave. Paternity leave is available to men to: 1. Have or expect to have responsibility for the childs upbringing 2. Are the biological father of the child, or the mothers husband or partner 3. Have worked continuously for their employer for 26 weeks ending with the fifteenth week before the baby is due. Eligible employees can choose take either 1 week or 2 consecutive weeks paternity leave (not odd days) * Statutory sickness pay An employer must pay Statutory Sick Pay to employees who become sick and who normally earn at least à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½79 per week. After 28 weeks, Incapacity Benefit or Income Support must be claimed instead. * Grievance and disciplinary procedures These must be included in the employees written statement or contract, or at least there must be a reference to where they can be found. Disciplinary producers deal with such maters as warnings to be given before dismissal. Warnings might arise from the following:- 1. Lack of capability or qualifications-although the employer has a responsibility to give training 2. Misconduct-which includes habitual lateness 3. Gross misconduct (for example, assault or theft) leads to instant or summary dismissal. Grievance procedures deal with complaints by employees who are not satisfied with aspects of their employment. Employees must be given the name of a person to whom a complaint can b made and should be informed of right of appeal. * Investors in people Investors in people is a UK quality standard development in 1990. Those companies who gain the award have proved that they invest in the training and development of their staff. This is beneficial to employees and also to customers and suppliers. The standard for Investors in people is based on four key principals: 1. Commitment from the top to develop all employees 2. Regular review of training and development needs 3. Taking relevant action to meet those needs throughout peoples careers 4. Evaluating training and development outcomes for individuals and the organisation in order to continuously improve These principals are subdivided into 24 indicators of effective practise, and the organisation provides evidence for assessment against the indicators. Once the organisation gets the award it is entitled to display the Investors in People logo on company literature. * Buddies and mentoring Mentoring schemes are growing in popularity. They offer employees a one-to one relationship with a mentor, someone with greater experience and a willingness to listen and advice. The mentor and the mentee meet regularly and discuss aspects of the mentees job, such as career development. The mentor does not act as a line manager or superior and is never judgemental, but acts as a sounding board and is able to offer ideas and a different outlook on work issues. The Hilton hotel chain runs a mentoring scheme for its staff at all levels. Its purpose is to support staff in their career development. Mentors at the Hilton chain are often colleagues of the mentees doing similar jobs, which departs from the traditional model. All of the mentors have had mentoring training. Some companies have similar, but sometimes less formal, schemes where a new member of staff is given a buddy as a source of information and help. * Job security Many contracts today are fixed term, especially in areas such as visitor attractions. This means that the period of employment is not indefinite but lasts for a period of months or a year or two. The reason for such contracts is flexibility for employers- they can lose staff on fixed contracts at the end of the period without penalty. However, such contracts are demotivating for staff as they worry about their future income and job prospects. C) Describe with examples, how incentives can impact on motivation and contribute to an effective workplace in travel and tourism including: * Remuneration Remuneration means how much you get paid. You would imagine that this is very important as a motivator. In fact, it is an important factor in attracting people to a company but research shows that it is not the most important incentive. * Performance related pay Bonuses are often based on overall profits and awarded to all employees- usually performance related. * Incentive scheme An example of an incentive scheme could be a competition that staff are invited to enter. The competitions may be based on generating new ideas within the company, or how to boost sales, customer satisfaction or commissions on sales. * Discounts Discounts may be given on holidays or travel for those working in the industry. Many who work in travel and tourism receive cheap travel, perhaps by going on standby if they work for an airline or by going on fact-finding trips to a destination if they work for a travel agent. * Holiday entitlement In the UK employees can expect around 4 weeks paid holiday per year. In the public sector more holiday is often given, but this may be balanced against lower pay. * Pension schemes A good pension scheme can act as an incentive for many people who are concerned about security in retirement. * Perks As a perk, employees in the travel and tourism industry are often provided with a uniform. They may get to travel or live aboard and be paid to live there. They may be provided with a company car. * Opportunities for promotion and progression Many employees need a challenge and if they are in the same position, doing a job they find easy, they may become bored and less efficient. Thus, opportunities to move on and face new challenges are an important incentive. Opportunities may arise within an organisation and good people are quickly promoted. You may wish to let it be known that you are interested in progression and ask to be sent on relevant training courses and conferences. D) Described, with examples, how training can impact on motivation and contribute to an effective workplace in travel and tourism including: * Training Those employers who wish o ensure an effective workplace will offer ongoing training and development to staff. There are several benefits to organisations add to their workforces. Training can: * Improve individual performance * Improve team performance * Allow staff to be better informal * Equip staff to deal with change and emergencies * Make for a more flexible workforce * Improve morale * Allow managers more time to manage through delegation of other tasks. * Induction training Employers have to provide instruction and training to ensure health and safety, and this is usually a part of induction training. The induction is the first stage of training and is given to new employees; it is important as new employees need to be made welcome and become effective in their work as quickly as possible. Induction covers: * The nature of the job * Introduction to the workplace and to staff * The lines of responsibility * Facilities such as toilets, lockers, canteen * Health and safety basics * Training opportunities * In-house training Large companies offer their own in-house training and may even write their own materials. These training courses are very beneficial as they are tailor- made to meet the needs of the company. * External courses Thousands of external courses are available. These may be specific to travel and tourism or other professional qualifications in areas such as marketing or human resource management. They may be offered by colleges, by travel associations or by private companies. Companies may allow individuals or groups to attend such courses. Some may be long term, leading to advanced qualifications, so a great deal of commitment is required on behalf of the individual.